Routing, delegation and coordination across tools, models and agents.
A safe handoff transfers the decision, evidence, current state and bounded authority—not a transcript dump or a vague request for someone to take over.
Smaller models are not merely budget substitutes. Used behind explicit routing and escalation rules, they can improve latency, locality and architectural control.
Long-running agent work cannot rely on a transcript and hopeful retries. Explicit state makes progress, authority, recovery and completion inspectable across failures.
An orchestrator should be judged by the workflow it controls: decomposition, routing, state, authority, recovery, verification and stopping—not by a polished final response.
A tool-using agent is a controlled system around a model, not a model with an API key. Map its runtime layers before deciding what to test, trust or release.
A model router is a policy for allocating quality, cost, latency, privacy and failure risk. Evaluate whether each route serves the workflow—not whether routing is fashionable.
Multi-agent systems fail between workers when goals, evidence, state, authority and completion semantics do not survive the transfer. Test the protocol, not just each agent.
Retries, duplicated messages and uncertain tool outcomes can multiply an agent’s effects. Idempotency turns a logical action into one controlled business operation.
A logistics agent earns trust when data becomes late, routes close and plans conflict—not when everything follows the timetable.
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Read the method, assumptions and questions to ask.